Skip to content
Taiwa no FumenPractical methods for shared thinking

English edition: the full translation has not yet received an independent line-by-line review. Check the linked sources and method-specific limits before use. Japanese PDFs and videos remain labelled.

Return to session-plan results

Strategy and priorities

Select Annual Priorities

Choose 3–5 annual priorities from the organisation's purpose and make explicit what will not be selected.

People
5–20
Session time
210 minutes
Format
In person

English session plan

Original program status: draft. Source safety category: Medium; this is not a guarantee of safety.

Preparation: More preparation. Facilitation team: Four roles, including someone with facilitation experience.

What this session can decide

Propose priority candidates and their reasons. Authorised people separately finalise budgets, staffing, and final selection.

Outside its scope

  • Do not make this a rubber-stamp meeting for policy already decided.
  • Do not finalise budget allocations.
  • Do not use this for departmental performance appraisal.

Primary caution: Do not make this a rubber-stamp meeting for policy already decided.

Before starting

Question and scope
Choose 3–5 annual priorities from the organisation's purpose and make explicit what will not be selected. Before starting, state the subject and period covered in one sentence.
What this session decides
Propose priority candidates and their reasons. Authorised people separately finalise budgets, staffing, and final selection.
Output recipient
The Recorder keeps the final annual-priority candidate table and shows leading candidates, ties, unresolved items, and exclusions to the decision-maker.
Participation and information boundaries
Explain the choices to pass, take a break, or leave. Keep personal information, confidential information, and attribute-based evaluation off the record surface. Assign Participant support separately.
Operating roles
Assign Lead facilitator, Recorder, Timekeeper, and Participant support before starting, and confirm who announces switching and stopping.
Next review
Decide a review date, permitted viewers, and the person responsible for the next decision on the annual-priority candidate table.

Who takes responsibility

Lead facilitator

Protect the purpose and exclusions of Select Annual Priorities and announce the start and end of each stage.

From before the start through the end

Recorder

Record the purpose sentence, purpose/principles/practice structure, and annual-priority candidate table at each stage, then hand them to their recipients at the end.

From preparing record surfaces before the start through storage after the end

Timekeeper

Notify the Lead facilitator 3 minutes before each stage ends and when switching to breaks or buffer time.

At the start of every stage and 3 minutes before its end

Participant support

Receive requests to pass, take a break, leave, or check individually, and decide with the Lead facilitator whether resumption is possible.

From before the start through the end

Session flow

Minutes are measured from the session start. Method time, transition time, breaks and buffer are shown separately; they are not additional overlapping activities.

  1. 0–23 minutes

    Explore the purpose of prioritising

    Method: Nine Whys · 0–20 minutes. Transition: 20–23 minutes (3 minutes).

    Ask what the organisation wants to achieve this year and progressively check why it matters. If abstract terms continue, rephrase them as observable change and combine them into one sentence.

    Responsible: Lead facilitator; Recorder; Participant support

    Output: Purpose sentence

    Handoff: Display the purpose sentence in the centre of the policy-design work.

    This stage may be shortened only in accordance with the stated conditions.

  2. 23–146 minutes

    Design principles and practices from purpose

    Method: Purpose to Practice · 23–143 minutes. Transition: 143–146 minutes (3 minutes).

    Design five elements in order: purpose, principles, participants, session rules/roles/time allocation, and practices. Check contradictions between elements and turn them into practices observable within the year.

    Responsible: Lead facilitator; Recorder; Participant support

    Output: Purpose/principles/practice structure

    Handoff: Put practice candidates on separate cards, one per item, and give them to the person handling ranking.

    This stage is not marked as shortenable.

  3. 156–179 minutes

    Rank priority candidates

    Method: Ranking · 156–176 minutes. Transition: 176–179 minutes (3 minutes).

    Put candidates on equally sized cards and order them by one criterion: alignment with purpose. Check only disputed positions; if candidates remain unagreed after two moves, leave them tied or unresolved.

    Responsible: Lead facilitator; Recorder; Participant support

    Output: Annual-priority candidate table

    Handoff: Give the priority-candidate table and reasons for unresolved items to the annual-plan decision-maker.

    This stage is not marked as shortenable.

What is retained and who receives it

Purpose sentence

Owner: Recorder

Use it as the highest-level criterion for evaluating candidates.

Purpose/principles/practice structure

Owner: Recorder

Connect annual-policy candidates with the principles they protect.

Annual-priority candidate table

Owner: Recorder

Show leading candidates, ties, unresolved items, and exclusions to the decision-maker.

Materials and setup

Material names, quantities, groups and handling instructions retain the fixed draft's original helper-derived guidance. Where a format is marked “Source material specification”, the entire bound English source material entry takes precedence over the old helper-derived format guidance. This format-only correction does not resolve other instruction or safety concerns. English names are not substituted into a Japanese-keyed lookup.

Everyday tools

Dark writing implements

Quantity: 1 per person

Format: Dark broad-tip pens or whiteboard markers

Check that ink flows and place them within participants' reach. Avoid pale-coloured pens.

Writing implements

Quantity: 1 per person

Format: Dark broad-tip pens or whiteboard markers

Check that ink flows and place them within participants' reach. Avoid pale-coloured pens.

Broad-tip pens

Quantity: 2 per group

Format: Dark broad-tip pens or whiteboard markers

Check that ink flows and place them within participants' reach. Avoid pale-coloured pens.

Sheets to prepare by hand

Purpose-sentence cards

Quantity: 1 per person

Format: Source material specification: One card per person, A6 or larger, for a statement of purpose

Source-bound format display correction; the other fixed helper-derived guidance is unchanged.

Do not buy a special product; write Purpose sentence at the top of paper pieces. If participants fill them in, use one item per card and handwrite needed headings before starting.

Surface for sharing a one-sentence purpose

Quantity: 1 per venue

Format: Large paper or a whiteboard

In the centre, write one sentence capturing what everyone's purposes share. Below it, create fields for First step and Owner, retaining individual purpose cards around the edges.

Sheet linking purpose, principles, participants, facilitation structure, and practices

Quantity: 1 per group

Format: A4 copy paper

Divide the work surface into 5 fields: Purpose, Principles, Participants, Facilitation structure, and Practices. Write headings in text rather than relying only on colour.

Element cards

Quantity: 10 per person

Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces

Write Element at the top with a Reason field below. Leave room for one item per card.

Strips marking broken connections

Quantity: 5 per group

Format: Masking tape or A4 copy paper cut into long strips

On a long strip, write the two unconnected elements, such as Purpose → Principles. Place it between the five elements, leaving room to add which side to revise. Do not buy special strips. Also write which two adjacent elements are unconnected on the strip.

Revision cards

Quantity: 3 per group

Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces

Create Before change and After fields on one sheet. Write headings in text rather than relying only on colour.

Practice cards

Quantity: 2 per group

Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces

Create Owner, Start, and Review fields on one sheet. Write headings in text rather than relying only on colour.

Option cards

Quantity: 1 set per group; at most 12 items

Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces

Do not buy a special product; write Option at the top of paper pieces. If participants fill them in, use one item per card and handwrite needed headings before starting.

Ranking-criterion cards

Quantity: 1 per group

Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces

Do not buy a special product; write Ranking criterion at the top of paper pieces. If participants fill them in, use one item per card and handwrite needed headings before starting.

Table separating option ranks and held decisions

Quantity: 1 per group

Format: Two A4 sheets placed side by side; join with masking tape if more space is needed

Divide the work surface into 4 fields: Final order, Ties, Judgement deferred, and Mandatory conditions not met. Write headings in text rather than relying only on colour.

Available at the venue

Face-to-face chairs

Quantity: 1 pair for 2 people

Format: Chairs already at the venue; no new purchase needed

Place venue chairs face to face in pairs and remove the table between them. Keep routes and wheelchair turning space clear, and provide a position for participating without moving chairs. Do not place a table between the chairs.

Setup for each method

Nine Whys

  1. Arrange chairs facing one another in pairs as the standard; only when the number is odd, make one group of 3
  2. Space at least 120 cm wide in front of the display for everyone to stand

Purpose to Practice

  1. Form groups of 3–5 whose sizes differ by no more than 1 person
  2. Give each group one five-element connection sheet and five inconsistency strips
  3. One whole-group connection surface for displaying all groups' practice slips

Ranking

  1. A table where all cards can be moved into one line or a leading group

When to switch or stop

Fallbacks

The same reason is repeated three times consecutively.

Return to the preceding question and write one change that will occur for the people concerned.

Method guide: Nine Whys

Stop conditions

Before starting, the number of priorities or the decision-maker has not been determined.
Do not proceed to ranking; produce only the purpose and candidate list.
Cutting or appraising a particular department becomes the purpose.
Remove individual or departmental appraisal and return the question to alignment with organisational purpose.

Sources, rights and limits

This site has composed this programme's purpose, connections between methods, facilitation, roles, outputs, and switching conditions. See each method's individual page for its sources and licence.

Original source records and their required notices are retained below. Their presence does not mean a new legal or cultural-safety clearance. Original citation titles are kept in their source language.

Sources and required notices for the 3 methods used

Nine Whys

  • Source: Liberating Structures Fieldbook (2026): Nine Whys — Henri Lipmanowicz / Keith McCandless / Nancy White | https://www.liberatingstructures.com/nine-whys | Adaptation under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes made
  • Source: CC BY-SA 4.0 | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • Attribution: Henri Lipmanowicz and Keith McCandless; Keith McCandless and Nancy White | Original-source author and contributor credit
  • Attribution: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team | Japanese adaptation and this site's own diagrams
  • Changes and adaptation: Adapted as a Japanese facilitation score; changes made
  • ShareAlike: Provided under CC-BY-SA-4.0
  • Cultural caution: open-method screening complete: No closed, ritual, or sacred cultural practice is used as a source; declining participation, sensitive information, and power differences are addressed in each method's limits and branches.
  • Limits of this record: Adapted with changes as a Japanese facilitation score under CC BY-SA 4.0 and provided under the same licence. Only the current page is covered; material from June 2026 or earlier, official icons, and third-party material were excluded.

Current-page credit and licence companion for this method

Purpose to Practice

  • Source: Liberating Structures Fieldbook (2026): Purpose to Practice — Henri Lipmanowicz / Keith McCandless / Nancy White | https://www.liberatingstructures.com/purpose-to-practice | Adaptation under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes made
  • Source: CC BY-SA 4.0 | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • Attribution: Henri Lipmanowicz and Keith McCandless; Keith McCandless and Nancy White | Original-source author and contributor credit
  • Attribution: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team | Japanese adaptation and this site's own diagrams
  • Changes and adaptation: Adapted as a Japanese facilitation score; changes made
  • ShareAlike: Provided under CC-BY-SA-4.0
  • Cultural caution: open-method screening complete: No closed, ritual, or sacred cultural practice is used as a source; declining participation, sensitive information, and power differences are addressed in each method's limits and branches.
  • Limits of this record: Adapted with changes as a Japanese facilitation score under CC BY-SA 4.0 and provided under the same licence. Only the current page is covered; material from June 2026 or earlier, official icons, and third-party material were excluded.

Current-page credit and licence companion for this method

Ranking

  • Source: Seeds for Change Facilitation Tools: Ranking | https://www.seedsforchange.org.uk/tools | anti-copyright adaptation; changes made
  • Source: Conditions for applying anti-copyright | https://www.seedsforchange.org.uk/resources | anti-copyright
  • Attribution: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team | This site's text and diagrams
  • Cultural caution: This manifest contains no structured cultural-safety assessment. A person checks context, the option to decline participation, and power differences.
  • Limits of this record: Only the notices displayed in the public YAML were transcribed. No claim is made that individual rights do not exist.

Historical fixed-draft notes

The original fixed draft notes are retained without deletion as historical records of those fixed source versions. Current material format corrections are separately identified above; these notes do not imply that other concerns have been resolved.

  • The Nine Whys sourceRaw requires an A6-or-larger purpose card, but the prepared display format also offers approximately 75 × 75 mm sticky notes. Both source fields remain; no replacement size has been invented.

Japanese resources and historical source records

Original Japanese plan and its print view · Japanese operation pack or starter materials

An English print edition is not provided here. The linked plans, print views and operation materials are Japanese resources.

Historical recorded publication holds

The following original hold statements are retained verbatim with their fixed source versions. They are not a statement of current acceptance, nor does this historical label resolve a source-specific restriction.

  • English translation and rendered-page independent acceptance pending
  • Method dependency source/text SHA binding and current source-specific rights verification pending
  • Publication not cleared
Historical fixed-source and English-draft provenance

Japanese program SHA-256: 2b8182fddf74cb68ea296e48717b7bcabc9c46682a7b9a80bb43cd7b0a8cc3e1

Fixed source context SHA-256: cbc1ffeab03648ae4023741296cda6ddeb0eff61ec9113befcda249c586b4b00

English draft SHA-256: 6c4a2296e31f5ed661d55e5cb4e65ba2f3f3b58881f50f6bcff3b372456707cb

  • nine-whys: source 5d6476e83333bc720bfd90dbc023afeec72dc084303fc3cf24d1e0cd483c504a; English draft e520b5410f2489ff5ef9024196e6564d2b6613bda3d274f3265b6cc89176ef5e
  • purpose-to-practice: source 0b6ee5f8c38ee4b0d5cb9e539a91fc2e3f3cb71461066c1de13f80c34ef224f2; English draft 4f967ab55c16f88327cd5d6c288f01b52d3012e9e7bfe8ac0921117f96210741
  • seeds-card-ranking: source d57164cccee23b180db85ae49fe90bda72c5a9d7cbe8ca210683d8b398f6b77a; English draft 17bbde5f623d1feab9bad9c45c3dcf72685657cc97b84d41af7f8d1a3e4f60f6

These hashes identify the checked inputs; they do not grant independent acceptance or publication clearance.