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Taiwa no FumenPractical methods for shared thinking

English edition: the full translation has not yet received an independent line-by-line review. Check the linked sources and method-specific limits before use. Japanese PDFs and videos remain labelled.

Choose a plan for the work ahead.

Compare the outcome, the decisions this meeting can make, and the situations a plan does not suit. Read the full flow and preparation before using it.

50 plans in the catalogue. 50 have complete English session-plan texts; other links are labelled Japanese guides. All remain draft plans, not guarantees of safety or suitability.

All 50 plans

Strategy and priorities

Decide where to allocate limited resources and what to defer or end.

What will we prioritise, and what will we not do now?

Select Annual Priorities

5–20 people · 210 minutes · In person

English session plan

Choose 3–5 annual priorities from the organisation's purpose and make explicit what will not be selected.

Main output: Annual-priority candidate table

Not suitable when: Do not make this a rubber-stamp meeting for policy already decided.

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Align a Cross-Unit Roadmap

4–12 people · 270 minutes · In person

English session plan

Work backwards from a future destination to milestones and dependencies, and make clashes between assignments visible.

Main output: Assignment-clash list

Not suitable when: Do not commit people to assignments without authority.

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Prioritize Without Dominance

5–20 people · 90 minutes · In person

English session plan

Present individual evidence first, rank candidates by common criteria, and retain review conditions for candidates not yet decided.

Main output: Review table for candidates not yet decided

Not suitable when: Do not assess people, units, or personal attributes.

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Turn Uncertain Strategy into Reversible Choices

6–20 people · 225 minutes · In person

English session plan

Examine strategic proposals under multiple external situations and clarify evidence gaps and withdrawal conditions.

Main output: Comparison of options that can be tested and reversed

Not suitable when: Do not assert future probabilities as established.

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Problems and operational improvement

Use observed facts to understand a problem's structure and hand it over to feasible improvement work.

What is happening where, and which parts can we change?

Repair a Cross-Unit Handoff Bottleneck

6–16 people · 180 minutes · In person

English session plan

Make missing handoffs and differences in sender/recipient understanding visible, then decide the smallest receipt check.

Main output: Handoff-improvement commitments

Not suitable when: Do not assign responsibility definitively to absent units.

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Define a Minimum Operating Standard

4–20 people · 135 minutes · In person

English session plan

Organise essential operating conditions, cases where judgements differ and shared terminology to create a workable minimum standard.

Main output: Definition table for the operating standard

Not suitable when: Do not relax statutory standards.

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Find the Root and Choose a Next Step

5–30 people · 135 minutes · In person

English session plan

Deepen the questions, distinguish observed facts from factors people can influence and connect them to small actions.

Main output: Commitments to small actions

Not suitable when: Do not replace accident or misconduct investigations.

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User and citizen experience

Turn the experiences of users and residents into concrete material for improving services.

Where do people get stuck, and what change would help them move forward?

Turn Complaints into Improvement Themes

5–16 people · 150 minutes · In person

English session plan

Preserve the other person’s words while separating facts from interpretations and turning them into themes that can be improved.

Main output: Improvement themes and action candidates

Not suitable when: Do not judge whether a complaint is right or wrong.

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Redesign a Confusing Service Journey

4–8 people · 195 minutes · In person

English session plan

Observe where people become confused when using a service, then prototype improvements to guidance and procedures one scene at a time.

Main output: Prototype record and revision points

Not suitable when: Do not promise anything the governing system does not allow.

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Turn User Experience into Improvements

15–30 people · 210 minutes · In person

English session plan

Distinguish users’ experiences from observations in the setting, and record situations to improve and questions to pursue next.

Main output: Facts, meanings and improvement candidates

Not suitable when: Do not treat one user as representative of all users.

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Ideas, planning and service design

Explore possibilities, then narrow them into plans or prototypes that can be tested.

Which possibility will we test on a small scale, and in what form?

Diverge, Share, and Organize

12–20 people · 165 minutes · In person

English session plan

Expand individual ideas, share them so everyone can see them and organise them into groups that can inform the next decision.

Main output: Concept maps showing similarities and differences

Not suitable when: Do not select the final proposal.

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Reduce a Concept to a Minimum Pilot

4–16 people · 150 minutes · In person

English session plan

Select the essential parts of a concept and design a trial and measurements that can be started within existing authority.

Main output: Trial plan

Not suitable when: Do not remove safety requirements.

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Design a Path to Outcomes

4–15 people · 330 minutes · In person

English session plan

Bring purpose, practices and short- and medium-term outcomes into one pathway, explicitly identifying links that lack evidence.

Main output: Hypotheses, evidence and checking plan

Not suitable when: Do not call activity counts outcomes.

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Create Concepts from Unmet Needs

4–12 people · 195 minutes · In person

English session plan

Organise assumptions about intended users and unmet needs as hypotheses, and develop multiple concepts and matters to test.

Main output: Evidence-gap list for each concept

Not suitable when: Do not assert that an assumed user profile represents an actual person.

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Teams and cross-unit collaboration

Clarify roles, support and conditions of participation so collaboration can continue.

Who will take responsibility for what, and what do people need from one another?

Exchange Support Across Units

6–30 people · 180 minutes · In person

English session plan

Clarify the support each unit needs, what it can provide, and unresolved issues, then decide how to hand support over.

Main output: Support-handoff map

Not suitable when: Do not transfer work unilaterally.

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Clarify Decision Rights and Consultation

4–20 people · 135 minutes · In person

English session plan

Clarify who can decide how much in everyday work, and where consultation or approval is needed.

Main output: Table tracking decision rights still needing confirmation

Not suitable when: Do not override statutory authority.

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Set Conditions for Team Collaboration

4–40 people · 105 minutes · In person

English session plan

Draw collaboration conditions from experiences of respect, then create questions for satisfying both sides and shared definitions.

Main output: Collaboration-condition definitions

Not suitable when: Do not force experience sharing.

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Make Workload and Ownership Collisions Visible

6–12 people · 165 minutes · In person

English session plan

Make actual time spent on work and overlapping responsibilities in the same period visible, and develop proposals for adjusting priorities.

Main output: Priorities and reallocation proposal

Not suitable when: Do not evaluate individual productivity.

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Reflection, learning and knowledge transfer

Draw learning from experience and retain it for improvement experiments or handovers.

What have we learned, what will change next, and who will receive it?

Update a Community or NPO PDCA Cycle

4–15 people · 270 minutes · In person

English session plan

Review how activities were implemented and the changes indicating that outcomes are beginning to emerge, then update the pathway from activities to outcomes and improvements within your authority.

Main output: Small improvement commitments for the next cycle

Not suitable when: Do not treat activity counts as outcomes.

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Transfer Critical Working Knowledge

4–30 people · 165 minutes · In person

English session plan

Organise what people know, what they want to know, handoff points, and shared terminology to retain knowledge.

Main output: Shared terminology and examples

Not suitable when: Do not force disclosure of tacit knowledge.

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Capture Learning at Project Close

3–15 people · 150 minutes · In person

English session plan

Reflect on experience from four perspectives and decide what to stop, start, and continue next time.

Main output: Improvement commitments for next time

Not suitable when: Do not attribute success or failure to individuals.

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Differences and the limits of agreement

Keep different positions visible while recording partial agreement, unresolved matters and decision boundaries.

Where do we agree, what remains unresolved, and who makes the final decision?

Separate Agreement from Decision Authority

4–20 people · 120 minutes · In person

English session plan

Clarify what participants can agree on and what only the responsible decision-maker can decide.

Main output: Deferred-decision tracking table

Not suitable when: Do not transfer the authorised person's responsibility to participants.

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Compare Benefits and Burdens

6–24 people · 120 minutes · In person

English session plan

Check who benefits from a proposed measure and who bears its burdens, then narrow the candidates to options with conditions people can accept.

Main output: Record of support or opposition, ability to participate in implementation, and conditions for deferral

Not suitable when: Do not use headcounts alone to erase burdens borne by a minority.

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Find Common Ground on a Contested Topic

6–30 people · 180 minutes · In person

English session plan

Make exceptions, partial agreement and conditions for meeting competing needs visible for low-risk operational issues.

Main output: Options linking benefits and burdens

Not suitable when: Do not decide winners, losers or a majority position.

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Compare and Merge Multiple Drafts

5–20 people · 225 minutes · In person

English session plan

Separate common elements, boundary conditions, and choices across drafts to create the outline of a merged draft.

Main output: Ranking and reasons for optional clauses

Not suitable when: Do not assess the authors of the original drafts.

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Build Shared Terms Across Perspectives

4–16 people · 105 minutes · In person

English session plan

Discover different meanings of the same words and create definitions and examples usable in a meeting.

Main output: Definitions, included examples, and excluded examples

Not suitable when: Do not rule on the correct dictionary meaning.

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Communities and disaster preparedness

Make local resources, issues and coordination routes visible and connect them to preparation in ordinary times.

Where are local resources and gaps, and what should we prepare before an emergency?

Prioritize Community Issues and Owners

5–20 people · 135 minutes · In person

English session plan

Compare issues from different districts using common criteria and assign owners for additional checks and initial action.

Main output: List of support/opposition, potential owners and hold conditions

Not suitable when: Do not treat participants as representatives of the whole community.

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Walk and Map Community Resources

4–20 people · 255 minutes · In person

English session plan

Use on-site observations and map checking to organise community resources, gaps and potential partnerships.

Main output: Resource and issue cards by district

Not suitable when: Do not enter private land without permission.

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Collect Community Safety Observations

4–16 people · 180 minutes · In person

English session plan

Observe public spaces and collect evidence-linked safety observations and improvement candidates.

Main output: Record of support/opposition, potential collaborators and hold conditions

Not suitable when: Do not evaluate people or attributes as dangerous.

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Rehearse Disaster Coordination and Handoffs

6–20 people · 285 minutes · In person

English session plan

Use a tabletop exercise to identify gaps in decisions, handoffs and monitoring indicators for a hypothetical disaster.

Main output: Risk-sign monitoring table

Not suitable when: Do not take over command during an actual disaster.

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Sequence Flood Evacuation Actions

6–20 people · 255 minutes · In person

English session plan

Check the actions, exceptions and minimum conditions in chronological order, from deciding to evacuate to completing movement.

Main output: Minimum conditions for managing evacuation

Not suitable when: Do not issue evacuation orders.

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Schools, education and youth participation

Connect children and young people's participation to improvement while protecting their participation conditions and decision-making authority.

What can children and young people decide, and how will safety be protected?

Co-create Conditions for Learning

6–25 people · 240 minutes · In person

English session plan

Make feeling respected concrete and turn it into behavioural commitments for classes or training.

Main output: Requests and responses between learners, teachers, and organisers

Not suitable when: Do not force self-disclosure.

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Design a School-Community Action

12–16 people · 225 minutes · In person

English session plan

Bring together school, community and parent or guardian perspectives and select collaborative activities that can be trialled.

Main output: Minimum actions with responsible people and deadlines

Not suitable when: Do not let adults alone speak for pupils’ or students’ wishes.

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Develop Student Ideas into a Next Step

12–20 people · 180 minutes · In person

English session plan

Develop students' ideas across several tables, add ideas silently, and select priority ideas to check.

Main output: Priority ideas, ties, and questions to check

Not suitable when: Do not assess the people who propose ideas.

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Co-design Evaluation Criteria with Young People

4–16 people · 240 minutes · In person

English session plan

Create evaluation criteria from outcomes young people value and cases where judgements differ, and check how certain the evidence for each criterion is.

Main output: Table of agreement and certainty of evidence for each criterion

Not suitable when: Do not score individual young people.

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Define a Youth Participation Charter

10–15 people · 240 minutes · In person

English session plan

Document what young people participate in, at which stages and with what authority.

Main output: List of participation support and individual checks

Not suitable when: Do not disguise the endorsement of an existing decision as participation.

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Futures, risk and change

Consider multiple futures and risks, then define reversible experiments and conditions to monitor.

Amid uncertainty, what will we test and check, and when will we stop or review it?

Turn a Change Path into a Small Experiment

4–16 people · 210 minutes · In person

English session plan

Separate current, transitional, and future activities, then design experiments and measurement methods within your authority.

Main output: One-page change-experiment plan

Not suitable when: Do not treat a future vision as a confirmed plan.

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Backcast from a Desired Future

4–16 people · 255 minutes · In person

English session plan

Make a desired future concrete, then work backwards to the conditions for reaching it and actions to start now.

Main output: Checking actions with owners and deadlines

Not suitable when: Do not predict the future.

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Prepare Options Across Multiple Futures

6–30 people · 330 minutes · In person

English session plan

Build multiple scenarios from signs of change and organise their ripple effects and preparations that apply across them.

Main output: Ripple-effect diagrams for each scenario

Not suitable when: Do not treat only the most desirable future as the forecast.

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Stress-test a Policy or Operating Proposal

4–20 people · 195 minutes · In person

English session plan

Test a policy or operating proposal against multiple situations and specific cases where it does not work, and develop failure conditions and a reversible implementation proposal.

Main output: Trial scope, deadline and stop conditions

Not suitable when: Do not replace legal review.

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