Futures, risk and change
Backcast from a Desired Future
Make a desired future concrete, then work backwards to the conditions for reaching it and actions to start now.
- People
- 4–16
- Session time
- 255 minutes
- Format
- In person
English session plan
Original program status: draft. Source safety category: Low; this is not a guarantee of safety.
Preparation: More preparation. Facilitation team: Three operating roles.
What this session can decide
Create a future vision as a hypothesis and actions for checking it. Do not use this as a forecast, budget commitment, or approval of a business plan.
Outside its scope
- Do not predict the future.
- Do not treat one future vision as inevitable.
- Do not promise unapproved investment.
Primary caution: Do not predict the future.
Before starting
- Question and scope
- Make a desired future concrete, then work backwards to the conditions for reaching it and actions to start now. Before starting, state the subject and time period in one sentence.
- What this session decides
- Create a future vision as a hypothesis and actions for checking it. Do not use this as a forecast, budget commitment, or approval of a business plan.
- Output recipient
- The Recorder stores the final checking actions with owners and deadlines to test future hypotheses on a small scale.
- Participation and information boundaries
- Offer speaking, writing, or passing as participation choices. Keep personal information, confidential information, and attribute-based evaluation off the record surface.
- Operating roles
- Assign Lead facilitator, Recorder, and Timekeeper before starting, and confirm who announces switching and stopping.
- Next review
- Set a review date, viewers, and the person responsible for the next decision on the checking actions with owners and deadlines.
Who takes responsibility
- Lead facilitator
Keep Backcast from a Desired Future within its purpose and exclusions, and announce the start and end of each stage.
From before the start through the end
- Recorder
Record the concrete future vision and observation indicators, backcast map of milestones, prerequisites, and actions, and checking actions with owners and deadlines at each stage, then hand them to the recipient at the end.
From preparing record surfaces before the start through storage after the end
- Timekeeper
Notify the Lead facilitator 3 minutes before each stage ends and when switching to breaks or buffer time.
At the start of every stage and 3 minutes before its end
Session flow
Minutes are measured from the session start. Method time, transition time, breaks and buffer are shown separately; they are not additional overlapping activities.
0–93 minutes
Describe the desired future state
Method: Desired-Future Image Workshop · 0–90 minutes. Transition: 90–93 minutes (3 minutes).
Define the target year and stakeholders, then write what happens, what decreases, and who experiences what. Separate aspirations, assumptions, and observable signs.
Responsible: Lead facilitator; Recorder; Timekeeper
Output: Concrete future vision and observation indicators
Handoff: Pass the future vision and signs to the backcasting work.
This stage may be shortened only in accordance with the stated conditions.
93–186 minutes
Work backwards from the destination conditions to the present
Method: Backcasting · 93–183 minutes. Transition: 183–186 minutes (3 minutes).
Place necessary milestones and prerequisites from the future vision back towards the present. Add actors, checking indicators, and branches in case of failure to each milestone.
Responsible: Lead facilitator; Recorder; Timekeeper
Output: Backcast map of milestones, prerequisites, and actions
Handoff: Pass actions that can begin now to the smallest commitments.
This stage is not marked as shortenable.
196–224 minutes
Choose the smallest action to begin checking
Method: Smallest Commitment Chain · 196–221 minutes. Transition: 221–224 minutes (3 minutes).
Choose checking actions that can begin without additional authority or a large budget. Record the owner, deadline, evidence sought, and date for deciding whether to continue.
Responsible: Lead facilitator; Recorder; Timekeeper
Output: Checking actions with owners and deadlines
Handoff: Pass the future vision, backcast map, and checking actions to the responsible person.
This stage is not marked as shortenable.
What is retained and who receives it
Concrete future vision and observation indicators
Owner: Recorder
Turn abstract aspirations into states that can be checked.
Backcast map of milestones, prerequisites, and actions
Owner: Recorder
Connect the long-term vision to immediate decisions.
Checking actions with owners and deadlines
Owner: Recorder
Test future hypotheses on a small scale.
Materials and setup
Material names, quantities, groups and handling instructions retain the fixed draft's original helper-derived guidance. Where a format is marked “Source material specification”, the entire bound English source material entry takes precedence over the old helper-derived format guidance. This format-only correction does not resolve other instruction or safety concerns. English names are not substituted into a Japanese-keyed lookup.
Everyday tools
- Writing implements
Quantity: 1 per person
Format: Dark broad-tip pens or whiteboard markers
Check that ink flows and place them within participants' reach. Avoid pale-coloured pens.
- Connecting tape
Quantity: 1 roll per group
Format: Low-tack masking tape
Check removability on an inconspicuous part of the floor or wall. Keep edges flat and do not obstruct routes.
- Dark writing implements
Quantity: 1 per person
Format: Dark broad-tip pens or whiteboard markers
Check that ink flows and place them within participants' reach. Avoid pale-coloured pens.
Sheets to prepare by hand
- Future-window sheet
Quantity: 1 per group
Format: Two A4 sheets placed side by side; join with masking tape if more space is needed
Create People concerned, Setting, and Mechanisms fields on one sheet. Write a heading for each field rather than relying on colour alone.
- Evidence cards
Quantity: 5 per person
Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces
Write Evidence at the top, with a Seen or heard field below it. Leave room for one entry per card.
- Difference cards
Quantity: 3 per group
Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces
Do not buy special cards; write Difference at the top of paper pieces. If participants fill them in, put one entry on each card and handwrite the necessary headings before starting.
- Observation sheets
Quantity: 3 per group
Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces
Write Observation at the top, with an Owner field below it. Leave room for one entry per sheet.
- Future completion-state cards
Quantity: 1 per group
Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces
Write Future completion state at the top, with an Evidence field below it. Leave room for one entry per card.
- Cards for the gap from the present
Quantity: 4 per person
Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces
Create Present and Future fields on one sheet. Write a heading for each field rather than relying on colour alone.
- Condition cards
Quantity: 6 per group
Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces
Do not buy special cards; write Condition at the top of paper pieces. If participants fill them in, put one entry on each card and handwrite the necessary headings before starting.
- Arrows connecting preceding and subsequent conditions, with an owner field
Quantity: 8 per group
Format: Masking tape or A4 copy paper cut into long strips
Draw an arrow from the preceding condition to the next and write Prerequisite for this connection and Person responsible for checking that prerequisite.
- Markers showing the scope for influencing conditions
Quantity: 18 per group
Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces
Write We can influence this ourselves, We can influence this with others, and An external decision is needed on separate pieces of paper, preparing enough of each type. Distinguish them by written headings even when using the same colour.
- First-action sheets
Quantity: 2 per group
Format: Sticky notes about 75 × 75 mm, or A4 copy paper cut into 4 pieces
Do not buy special sheets; write First action at the top of paper pieces. If participants fill them in, put one entry on each sheet and handwrite the necessary headings before starting.
- Action cards
Quantity: 4 per person
Format: Source material specification: 4 action cards per person, approximately A6 size
Source-bound format display correction; the other fixed helper-derived guidance is unchanged.
Do not buy special-purpose materials. Write “Action” at the top of each paper piece. If participants will write on it, use one item per piece and handwrite the required headings before starting.
- Display paper for arranging the chain
Quantity: 1 per group
Format: Source material specification: One display sheet per group for arranging the chain, approximately A2 size
Source-bound format display correction; the other fixed helper-derived guidance is unchanged.
Write Display paper for arranging the chain at the top. Leave enough space for sticky notes or paper pieces not to overlap, and use lettering readable from a distance for whole-group sharing.
Setup for each method
Desired-Future Image Workshop
- One island table per group of 3–6
- One future-window surface per group with three windows side by side
- One whole-group lookout surface for collecting observation slips
Backcasting
- One island table per group of 3–6
- One reverse-route surface per group running backwards from the future completion state at the right to the present at the left
- One whole-group ‘present position’ surface for collecting first-action slips and external conditions
Smallest Commitment Chain
- One island table per group of 2–4, seated facing each other; 1–4 tables within the supported participant range
- One wall or table surface per group where action cards can be placed in a horizontal line
When to switch or stop
Fallbacks
- There are more than 6 future visions.
Bundle the states they share and retain two conflicting visions separately.
Method guide: Desired-Future Image Workshop
Stop conditions
- A future hypothesis is treated as a confirmed forecast or investment guarantee.
- Return to labelling it as a hypothesis and define the additional evidence needed for a decision.
- A plan imposes serious burdens on absent affected parties.
- Stop turning it into a plan and check with those parties first.
Sources, rights and limits
This site has composed this programme's purpose, connections between methods, facilitation, roles, outputs, and switching conditions. See each method's individual page for its sources and licence.
Original source records and their required notices are retained below. Their presence does not mean a new legal or cultural-safety clearance. Original citation titles are kept in their source language.
Sources and required notices for the 3 methods used
Desired-Future Image Workshop
- Government Office for Science: Visioning — Adaptation under OGL 3.0; changes made
- OGL 3.0
- 原手法名「Visioning」は出典識別のため記述的に使用
- Source: Government Office for Science: Visioning | https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/futures-toolkit-for-policy-makers-and-analysts/the-futures-toolkit-html | Adaptation under OGL 3.0; changes made
- Source: OGL 3.0 | https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
- Source: The original method name Visioning is used descriptively to identify the source.
- Attribution: Government Office for Science | Original-source author and contributor credit
- Attribution: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team | Japanese adaptation and this site's own diagrams
- Changes and adaptation: Adapted as a Japanese facilitation score; changes made
- Cultural caution: open-method screening complete: No closed, ritual, or sacred cultural practice is used as a source; declining participation, sensitive information, and power differences are addressed in each method's limits and branches.
- Limits of this record: The covered Crown copyright 2024 text was adapted with changes as a Japanese facilitation score under OGL v3.0. Third-party material, original diagrams, and logos were excluded.
Backcasting
- Government Office for Science: Backcasting — Adaptation under OGL 3.0; changes made
- OGL 3.0
- Source: Government Office for Science: Backcasting | https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/futures-toolkit-for-policy-makers-and-analysts/the-futures-toolkit-html | Adaptation under OGL 3.0; changes made
- Source: OGL 3.0 | https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
- Attribution: Government Office for Science | Original-source author and contributor credit
- Attribution: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team | Japanese adaptation and this site's own diagrams
- Changes and adaptation: Adapted as a Japanese facilitation score; changes made
- Cultural caution: open-method screening complete: No closed, ritual, or sacred cultural practice is used as a source; declining participation, sensitive information, and power differences are addressed in each method's limits and branches.
- Limits of this record: The covered Crown copyright 2024 text was adapted with changes as a Japanese facilitation score under OGL v3.0. Third-party material, original diagrams, and logos were excluded.
Smallest Commitment Chain
- 対話の譜面編集部: 最小約束の連鎖 — Original description and diagrams
- Source: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team: Smallest Commitment | Original description and diagrams
- Attribution: Taiwa no Fumen Editorial Team | This site's text and diagrams
- Cultural caution: open-method screening complete: No closed, ritual, or sacred cultural practice is used as a source; declining participation, sensitive information, and power differences are addressed in each method's limits and branches.
- Limits of this record: The editorial team independently created the text, procedure, and diagram. No exclusive rights are claimed over general dialogue operations or ideas themselves.
Historical fixed-draft notes
The original fixed draft notes are retained without deletion as historical records of those fixed source versions. Current material format corrections are separately identified above; these notes do not imply that other concerns have been resolved.
- The Smallest Commitment action-card sourceRaw specifies approximately A6, while the prepared display format permits approximately 75 × 75 mm sticky notes or quartered A4. Both remain without a size correction.
- The chain-display sourceRaw specifies approximately A2, while its display format gives large paper or a whiteboard without a size. The size has not been inferred into a different source field.
Japanese resources and historical source records
Original Japanese plan and its print view · Japanese operation pack or starter materials
An English print edition is not provided here. The linked plans, print views and operation materials are Japanese resources.
Historical recorded publication holds
The following original hold statements are retained verbatim with their fixed source versions. They are not a statement of current acceptance, nor does this historical label resolve a source-specific restriction.
- English translation and rendered-page independent acceptance pending
- Method dependency source/text SHA binding and current source-specific rights verification pending
- Publication not cleared
Historical fixed-source and English-draft provenance
Japanese program SHA-256: 51731c26559fdf3785cfc104b959185cadc5e4eb1772666e16f575e10d0640d9
Fixed source context SHA-256: 31148ae989cec1fd2154408f38c259aadae03f5af716165d5cac3e835a1f5e1e
English draft SHA-256: 22086c74ae43327db987b2dfb616f9e35ca3670f2e3746e0a9112641f265d739
- backcasting: source
eb515d95ae4bdf3712e6946db6aaa77ee969ce71b072ac7226bc5e865bee6246; English draftab806956c0e301da6adc9d9c54547adb42fa9ac7fe168308245f2d4f54275c23 - foresight-visioning: source
711f285cebb80da521a591faa4a2daf93c5e6a81b6ed14695fcc4dfe9d54c677; English draft0ae8f1d4bc39f694b3822ac8698ab9377f8e6f264b6496b46441293a10266de1 - smallest-commitment: source
6aa6b6e44bd742b0216e576184f782933206f19fb399ec02574d88fc796c9b0e; English draft5d1abc24e40880d84e1848f158d9e85086dfc6639d17bc3d261c8c423f868105
These hashes identify the checked inputs; they do not grant independent acceptance or publication clearance.